Genealogy Glossary

Pertaining to the 22 pairs of chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes
The organizational unit of DNA.  Humans have 46 chromosomes, typically referred to as 22 pairs of autosomal and 1 pair of sex chromosomes.
cM is the standard abbreviation of centiMorgan, a unit of measurement of genetic linkage.
The full name of DNA, the chemical that transmits genetic information to the next generation.
A process to identify and group DNA matches that descend from common ancestors. Sometimes called DNA networks or DNA circles.
A widow holding property received from her late husband.
The legal provision in estate law providing real estate, or the use of, and support made to a widow from her husband's estate for her lifetime .
Items (land, cash, goods, personal property) with tangible value brought by a bride (for the husband) into a marriage.
Abbreviation of FamilyTreeDNA, a DNA testing company.
The sequence of a DNA segment inherited from a single parent, as in Y-chromosome and mitochondrial DNA.  These are grouped cby commonality into haplogroups and a can be displayed as a haplotree.
To die without a will in place.
Last Name At Birth (in abbreviated or acronym form)
An American colonist who supported England during the American Revolution
Abbreviated version of mitochondrial DNA.  It is constructed of about 16,000 base pairs, arranged in a circle, and is passed from a female to her children in a sex chromosome.
The genealogical shorthand for Non-Paternity Event, which is when the surname of child is not the same as their biological father.
The chromosome pair that determines biological/genetic sex.  A person with two X chromosomes is female (XX), while a person with one X and one Y chromosome is male (XY).
Abbreviation of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism, a nucleotide position in the genome that is know to vary/mutate
Abbreviation for Short Tandem Repeat, a string of a few (2-5) base pairs that are repeated in a DNA sequence; the quantity of repeats within an STR is a reflection of ancestry, commonly used in Y-DNA testing.
A sex-determining chromosome present in all people.  Females have two copies of the X-chromosome, while males have one X-chromosome and one Y-chromosome.
A sex-determining chromosome that is only in males.  It is passed generation to generation with very limited mutations.
The DNA that is present on the Y-chromosome

2 thoughts on “Genealogy Glossary”

  1. My name is Laura Rowland. I’m in Ancestry. I have delved into the Rowland family tree of which members are on your page. I would love for you to check my tree out so you can compare and hopefully then merge.
    Thank you
    Laura Rowland

    1. Hi Laura, thanks for stopping by. I will gladly look at your tree, but you will need to supply a link to it. There are 42 people named Laura Rowland with Ancestry accounts.

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